Bit assembly for a hammering drill

ABSTRACT

A bit assembly for a hammering and rotating drill, in which assembly the drill body ( 1 ) is arranged to drill essentially the middle portion of the hole and in the drill body ( 1 ) mounted one or more hammering bit ( 2 ), ( 3 ) is arranged to drill the outer circle of the hole. The outer circle of the hole drilling bits ( 2 ), ( 3 ) are arranged to drill a drilling surface, which locates further behind in the drilling direction than for the drill body ( 1 ) meant drilling surface (L 1 ) and that the mentioned bits ( 2 ), ( 3 ) are further mounted in a drill body ( 1 ) formed counter cavities ( 7 ), the axial directions (S) of which have either the same direction as the drilling direction has or deviate outwards from it and mentioned bits can at least a part of their way out of the counter cavities be transported out in the direction which deviates from the axial direction (S) of the counter cavity.

The invention relates to a bit assembly for a hammering and rotating drill, in which assembly the drill body is arranged to drill essentially the middle portion of the hole and in the drill body mounted one or more hammering bit is arranged to drill the outer circle of the hole and the mentioned outer circle of the hole drilling bits are arranged to drill a drilling surface, which locates further behind in the drilling direction than for the drill body meant drilling surface and that the mentioned bits ate further mounted in a drill body formed counter cavities, the axial directions of which have either the same direction as the drilling direction has or deviate outwards from it.

Earlier is known from patent publication FI-95618 a drilling apparatus in which the outer circle of the hole drilling ring bit drills the outer circle so that a casing tube can be pulled into the hole in connection with the drilling. When the drilling apparatus is pulled out from the hole so that the casing tube remains in the hole, the ring bit also has to remain in the hole bottom.

Also from patent publication FI-85302 is known a drilling apparatus for drilling large holes in which apparatus in the centre locating bit drills the hole centre portion and separate on the outer circle of the drilling apparatus placed bits drill the outer circle of the hole. The outer circle drilling bits need in this case rotating and hammering devices of their own. The drilling apparatus can be applied for drilling of horizontal holes when it is meant finally to penetrate through the ground into free space.

It is abundantly known with a casing tube drilling eccentric drills where drilling is carried out by a rotating bit which is mounted eccentric in relation to centre axis of the casing tube, and by means of which it is possible to drill a larger hole than the diameter of the casing tube. When drilling is stopped the eccentricity of the bit in relation to the centre axis of the casing tube is changed so that the bit can be pulled out from the hole and the casing tube is left in the hole.

The disadvantage for these known solutions is that in these drilling apparatuses in which the ring bit is left in the hole, there is in every hole always loosen relative expensive bit. When used an eccentric bit the bit will be lifted up from the hole, but the bit will wear very quickly because the drilling surface in the bit is remarkable smaller than the drilling surface of the hole, that's why the worn bits have to be often changed. In certain drilling apparatuses where the drilling bits can be pulled against each other thus allowing the bit assembly to be lifted up in spite of the casing tube, the mechanism by means of which the bits are pulled against each other has to be complicated, it is difficult to change the bits and they can be very easily damaged.

By means of the bit assembly according to the invention in the business area existing problem can be unexpectedly solved, and characteristics for the bit assembly according to the invention is that in the counter cavities mounted bits can at least a part of their way out of the counter cavities be transported out in the direction which deviates from the axial direction of the counter cavity in order to make the outer diameter of the drilling unit smaller.

The advantage for the bit assembly according to the invention is that the large hole drilling, diameter 300-1000 mm, is possible by means of the hammering devices, when thanks to many separate in the drilling body mounted and only the outer circle of the hole drilling bits the total drilling surface area becomes smaller than the front surface area of the drilled hole. The bit assembly doesn't need so effective and inconvenient heavy hammer device, than with corresponding drills whose bit is hammering against whole drilling surface.

The separate outer circle drilling bits can also easily be changed. Further the outer circle drilling bits can be according to the invention mounted in the drill body in such a way that when the bit assembly is pulled out from the hole, the bits are moving inwards at the casing tube edge and are thus allowing the pulling of the whole bit assembly out and that the casing tube remains in the hole. In the solution no expensive is remaining in the hole and drilling becomes advantageous.

In the following the invention is more closely described by referring to the enclosed drawings, where

FIG. 1 shows section view of the outer circle of hole drilling bit mounted in a drill body.

FIG. 2 shows an alternative bit mounting.

FIG. 3 shows a bit moving inwards at the casing tube.

FIG. 4 shows a bit assembly of the FIG. 1 seen from the front.

FIG. 5 shows an alternative bit assembly seen from the front.

FIG. 5 a shows a section view of the bit mounting in a drill body.

FIG. 1 shows a drill body 1 for a hammering drill which drills by means of its drilling surface, level L1, essentially the centre portion of the hole. Many smaller bits 2 have been mounted in the drill body 1 for drilling the outer circle of the hole. The fitting surface is curved counter surface 7 whose curvature can also be radius R. The bit 2 drills a hole whose diameter is little larger than the casing tube 4 needs in order to be able to follow with in a hole. The bit 2 is rotation piece in relation to its axis, that's why it can be rotate in its counter cavity 7. The rotation is hoped and the rotation is secured by it that the drilling surface level L2 of the bit 2 is located further behind in the drilling direction than the drilling surface level L1 of the drill body 1 and that the bit 2 doesn't drill by other portion than by the bit portion which in turn locates in the outer edge of the circle. There is in FIG. 4 presented an area 9, by which bit portion the bit 2 mainly drills. The rotation of the whole drilling unit causes that such a moment is directed to the bit 2 which moment rotates the bit round its own axis.

The bit 2 can be mounted in the drill body 1 by using as a help a separate bushing 5 which is placed into a hole drilled in the drill body 1. It is easier to machine in this kind of bushing 5 the needed counter cavities 7 as for example in the drill body 1. In FIG. 2 there is presented an alternative counter cavity assembly, which is formed to be step-like. Also the bit 2 has then step-like design. The mounting of the bit 2, 2′ into the counter cavity and the axial direction S which describes this in figures forms with the drilling direction preferably an angle α. The direction S of the counter cavity deviates so advantageously outwards from the drilling direction. The angle α is advantageously between 0-30°. The axial direction of the counter cavity can possible be same as the drilling direction, as it is in the FIG. 5 a. It facilitates a little the construction of the drill unit if the angle α is larger than 0.

The FIG. 3 presents, how the bit 2 of the bit assembly according to the invention moves to the side at the casing tube 4, when the whole drill unit is pulled out from the hole. The material of the arm 6 fixing the bit 2 has been elected so that it allows the bit 2 to move out and to the side a needed distance. The form of the counter surface 7 causes that the bit also glides and turns inwards and doesn't at all move out in the direction S of the axis of the counter cavity. The casing tube 4 carries out the moving of the bit 2. When the whole drilling unit has been received out from the casing tube the bit 2 will move back into its counter cavity. The fixing arm 6 is for example spring-like and therefore stretchy and it is needed that it will bend at least in one point. It can be manufactured of pull resistant materials totally or combined, wherein it can comprise separately a stretchy portion and separately bending portion. Rubbers, plastics, fibre materials, steel springs or similar can become in question. The bending of the fixing arm can also be solved by means of articulated joint. In the drilling situation the fixing arm 6 stresses the bit 2, 3 against the counter cavity. The fixing arm 6 and possible holder part 8 will preferable rotate with when the bit 2 rotates.

In FIG. 5 the bit 3 has angular form, wherein it doesn't rotate in its counter cavity. The moving of the bit 3 out of the cavity pushed by the casing tube 4 can, however, happen just in the same way as presented in FIGS. 2 and 3 i.e. based on the curved or step-like side form. The bits 3 have always the same portion in the drilling phase, wherein they will wear a little sooner than the bits 2. The changing of the bits 2 and 3 takes, however, quite short time when the drill body 1 has been removed from the hole. The bit assembly according to the invention becomes the cheaper the larger holes are drilled. The centre bit will have long duration and smaller strain than one full-sized centre bit will have when drilled the whole hole only by that one bit. Also the hammer device can be smaller of its power when the summarized bit surface area doesn't correspond the drilling surface of the whole drilling. The drilling of the hole naturally takes little more time carried out by the way according to the invention compared with drilling by means of one bit by using heavy hammer device which is needed.

In FIG. 5 a there is a section view of the unrotatable bit 3 where the bit 3 locates in its counter cavity. The axial direction S of the counter cavity is same as the drilling direction. When the drilling unit is begun to pull out from the hole the front edge of the casing tube 4 pushes the bit 3 so that the bit 3 begins to turn to the centre axis of the drill body 1. The arm 6 stretches and bends wherein the bit 3 is able to pass the casing tube. 

1. A bit assembly for a hammering and rotating drill, in which assembly the drill body is arranged to drill essentially the middle portion of the hole and in the drill body mounted one or more hammering bit is arranged to drill the outer circle of the hole and the mentioned outer circle of the hole drilling bits are arranged to drill a drilling surface, which locates further behind in the drilling direction than for the drill body meant drilling surface and that the mentioned bits are further mounted in a drill body formed counter cavities, the axial directions of which have either the same direction as the drilling direction has or deviate outwards from it, characterized in that in the counter cavities amounted bits can at least a part of their way out of the counter cavities be transported out in the direction which deviates from the axial direction of the counter cavity in order to make the outer diameter of the drilling unit smaller.
 2. A bit assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that into the counter cavity of the bit mountable portion is a rotation piece wherein the bit is meant to rotate in its counter cavity in the drilling situation.
 3. A bit assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the bit deviates from a rotation piece and it is meant to be unrotatable in its counter cavity.
 4. A bit assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the bit which drills the outer circle of the hole is arranged to drill only by means of a part of its drill surface wherein the rotation of the whole bit assembly during drilling rotates also the mentioned bit round its own axis.
 5. A bit assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the bit can be moved out from its counter cavity so that it moves wholly inside the casing tube which follows the bit assembly wherein it is possible to remove the bit assembly from the hole and to remain the casing tube in the hole.
 6. A bit assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the side form of the counter cavity is curved wherein in the cavity mounted bit turns to the centre axis of the drill body when the bit comes out from the cavity.
 7. A bit assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the side form of the counter cavity is step-like.
 8. A bit assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the fixing of the bit to the counter cavity is arranged by using a fixing arm which allows the bit move needed distance in wanted direction out from the counter cavity.
 9. A bit assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the counter cavity is arranged into the drill body by means of a separate bushing which is fixed in a hole drilled into the drill body.
 10. A bit assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that the bits drilling the outer circle of the hole can be changed by disassembling the fixing arm arrangement. 